Landscaping Ideas For Hot Climates To Create A Great Design

Maintaining a garden in a hot climate can be challenging.I've done some research, and found a few key landscaping ideas you can use to create a design that won't just survive, but thrive in the heat.

Some landscaping ideas for hot climates include:

• Add shade in the garden and around the house – especially in full sun and west facing areas
• Take advantage of cooling breezes and focus on improving air circulation
• Reduce hard surfaces – paving, paths, driveways  – and use lighter material colours to reduce heat absorption and radiation
• Use sun & drought tolerant plants–natives, desert, succulents, Mediterranean,Australian/ New Zealand/ South African varieties(ensure they're not weeds!)
• Reduce water intensive plantings & lawns and replace with groundcovers, gravels & mulches
• Use trees to promote natural cooling effects through evapotranspiration
• Position components correctly in your design to allow their strengths to support others
• Align components that suffer evaporation North/South to reduce exposure to the sun
• Paint or otherwise make existing elements lighter colours
• Collect and store water – after rain, from the house, off hardscaped areas (paths, patios) and low points in your site – to use later
• Use water wisely – keep things narrow and deep (but within guidelines), take advantage of cooling breezes near sitting areas, have ways to reduce sun exposure to minimise evaporation

While these ideas work well in isolation, they are even more effective when you combine many into a well thought out landscape design.

Creating a design involves:

1. Understanding your site's microclimate– how to identify your problems and opportunities
2. Choosing suitable plants and materialsfor your environment, ‘look' and lifestyle
3. Placing these elementsto address your problems and take advantage of opportunities
4. Properly plantyour plants and trees to ensure your design is effective

Let's walk through these steps and look at some good hot climate landscape ideas along the way.

Hot Climate Landscaping – Understanding Your Microclimate

Microclimate refers to little atmospheric regions (pockets around your site) where that climatediffersfrom the surrounding area (your suburb, town, region etc.).

The main conditions to consider are:

• Exposure tosunlightand itsintensity
• Exposure towindandwind strength
• Ambienttemperatureof the space
• Humidityof the space

These are heavily influenced by:

• Surroundingbuildings
• Materialsin the space – theircolour, ability toabsorb and radiate heatand if theyabsorb wateror don't
• The type ofsoil– it's ability tohold waterand how close to the water table is

Let's look at a quick example of different microclimates across a site and then how to note opportunities and problems we'd want to deal with.

Out made up yard faces South – a problem for this Northern Hemisphere house.My simple notes, lines and circles suggest the following:

• The Southern and Western parts of the yard experience moreextreme, drier conditions– hot and cold.This is exacerbated by the house reflecting and radiating more heat into these areas
• There is a little space on the Western side of the house that is partially protected but still receives some sunlight – it is likely to be morehumidthan the rest of the the yard
• There is an open area on the Eastern side of the house that experiences morning and midday sun, but isprotected from the afternoon heat.It is alsoprotected from afternoon breezes, which may increase the humidity a touch
• The Northern side of the house is thecoolestandcalmest– safe to consider some plants or activities you wouldn't place in full sun
• The lowest point of the yard is the back right corner.It is exposed and windy, but perhaps collects moremoisturethan other areas

We'll look at how to use this information to develop a design in the third section.Before that, let's look at the kinds oftraitsandcharacteristicswe want to target in ourplant, tree and material choices.

Choosing Materials That Handle The Heat

For this step, the aim is tobuild a list of plants and materials that can cope with your local environment.

In the next section we'll see how toposition components(physical things like trees, paths, walls and garden beds) to handle theproblemsandopportunitiesoutlined above.

But for now you want to limit your plant and material choices to things youknowwill handle the conditions.

You also want to find goodtreesandclimbing plantslike vines.They are key in both providing shade and actively cooling the garden and the house.

Trees are vital in cooling spaces through their process of‘transpiration'.This is the tree ‘breathing‘ – where it draws water through it's roots and body up to it's leaves.It then undergoes a ‘gas exchange' receiving oxygen and releasing water as part of thephotosynthetic process.

Water is released asgas/vapour– a process that requires ‘heat' (energy).A water molecule uses this energy to turn to gas, taking this ‘heat' with it as it leaves, thereby cooling the surface it left – and the surrounding air.

This list building process can take a little research, but there are many resources available online that will focus on your specific growing Zone or region.

Talking to a localexpertis even better, as they can suggest combinations and methods to help things grow and/or weather well withminimal maintenance.

Plants

For plants you want to ensure:

• They toleratepartialorfull sun
• They toleratedroughtconditions
• Can handle periodicinundation– if your area experiences irregular rain
• You find a few plants that grow well inraised beds, pots and containers– for added utility

The best plant and tree options will be:

• Nativeplants
• Desertplants (xerophytic plants) like succulents including cacti
• Mediterraneanplants
• Australian,New Zealand & South Africanplants
• ‘C4' plants– those that use the C4 photosynthetic method which results in less water lost to transpiration than alternatives (many of these probably fall into the above categories, but worth asking an expert about if you're in a very dry area)

It's useful to note not only theirgrowing requirementsbutif they flower, drops seeds, branches or other materialthat may require additional maintenance.

Always check with your council or a local expert if non-indigenous plants areclassified as weeds or otherwise prohibited in your area.

Materials

If you can, a good goal is toreduce the amount of ‘hardscaping' across your site.This means reducing large expanses of non-porous materials like concrete, asphalt, paving, timber decking and brick.

Youcanuse these materials, but there are a few tricks to making them work more effectively in a hot climate.We'll touch on some of these in the next designing section.

Some things to target and think about when choosing materials include:

• Chooselighter colours– they absorb less energy and radiate less heat back into the space across the day
• Paint existing surfaces lighter coloursto reduce existing heat levels
• Useporous materialslike pervious concrete or porous paving in place of the normal options (although I'm unsure how economically friendly they will prove to be, but I guess they can't be worse than concrete)
• Alternatively, have normal paving or bricks butuse gravel, groundcovers or low grasses in between instead of mortar– this allows water to flow into the gaps and return to the soil
• For larger yards,make use of rocks, stones and boulders to cover ground instead of, or in combination with, suitable plans– this will reduce watering requirements
• Additionally,use mulch around plantings to reduce soil evaporation– gravel and rocks work well as they somewhat ‘mimic' the environment many drought tolerant plants evolved in
• Don't be afraid toalter your existing ground conditions.
  • Changingslopes,high and low points, and evendigging into the grounda little, allows you to address problems fairly directly
  • It also allows you tocreate beneficial conditionsand microclimates that cansupport new opportunities
• Don't be scared to usewaterin certain situations – it's a great way to addpassive coolingto a space, especially if positioned to take advantage of breezes
• Use items likesculptures, screens, upright poles/totems, shrines, trellises, gates, fences, arbors and old recycled materials as visual ‘feature' elementsrather than plants – this will reduce watering requirements even further

You have more leeway with material selection than plants, but it is still important to follow the points above when designing a garden for hot climates, as we'll see next.

华体会ufcPlacing Components– Garden Design Tips For Hot Climates

When it comes to designing a garden capable of handling a hot climate, it makes sense to try and ‘fix' some of the difficulties first and then add some ‘flavour' later.

I outlined some problems in my example above, so let's explore a few different approaches to address them.

Reducing Direct Sunlight & Heat

My first sketch looks at quick wins to reduce the heat the ground receives – from direct sunlight and radiant heat from the house.We do this through:

• Painting the walls lighter
• Spacing the solid materials– like paving stones –apartand using gravel or greenery as the mortar
• Opt forrockeries– areas of boulders, rocks and plantings – in exposed areas
• Not strictly a heat reduction move, but something that developed as this exploration happened– I looked todirectandcollect waterat site low points (back corners) and store there or pump to tanks elsewhere for later use
• For out-of-sight areas, usegravelor othernon-plant materialsto reduce overall maintenance and water requirements

While these are useful tips to reduce heat as it hits the house and ground, we can do more with other plants and materials.

Adding Shading Components

This plan looked at other ways to provide additional shade to the space.Some include:

• Planting treesto reduce sunlight onto the house and ground – tallers trees that cover the roof cool the house further, but need to be planted further away in general
• Building verandahs, patios or pergolasover sitting or entertaining areas – addingclimbing plantsfor additional shade if needed
• Add trellisesalong the Western and Southern house walls and cloak withclimbing plantsto minimise direct sunlight onto the house
• Usewallsto create protection and shade and reflect heat away from prime positions
• Moving common areas– like entertaining spaces –to less exposed positions, so they require less resources and protection
• Usescreens, panels, poles or have gaps in wallsto provide shelter from the sun but still allow breezes through

These ideas aremore expensive, but in most casesmore effectiveat providingshadeandprotection, not to mention the passive cooling from things like trees.

I mentioned right at the top the power of many of these ideas is how they canwork in combination with others.To provide protection, reduce the overall heat of the garden and be smart in how they use water.

Cut & Fill – Changing The Ground Conditions

Cutting from the Eastern side of the yardlowers that space.With adequateshade, it may be able to support higher maintenance plants, such as avegetable gardenorlawn.Running this in aNorth/South orientationshould help further reduce evaporation.

The consensus is to minimise lawn and replace it with suitable plants, but I know some people really like having a small area of grass for children or pets.At least following some of these kinds of tips should help keep it manageable and more water conscious.

The brown areas areraised mounds with rockerieson the Southern side, taking the full brunt of the sun and heat.

The leeward side contains adepression at the base, wheretreesandgroundcoverscan be planted.This offers a little more protection from soil evaporation, and willcollect water runofffor the trees.

They then helpshade the house, entertaining area(including pergola) andfootpath.The latter two would also be designed similar to the prior sketch – pavers spaced apart with permeable surface between them.

I also looked atlowering the entertaining area a few feet into the ground.I'm not 100% sure if this would reduce the heat – in theory it's cooler underground, but it might also lead to a more stagnant space where heat sits.

I'm not sure, but an interesting concept.

A final idea could be to add anarrow, relatively deep water feature around the entertaining area.Having it West/South of it should help passively cool the space as breezes pass over it.

A neat way to combine feature and storage.

Design Sketch 1 – Conventional Layout

The previous explorations focused on specific combinations and techniques to reduce heat.This one looks more at the overall layout of the garden.

I notetwo ‘feature' spotsfor things likesitting spaces, a lawn, a veggie garden or a sunken ‘fernery' or garden bed.Having a low channel or valley that is partially covered (like a tree canopy) can increase the humidity and support a greater variety of plants.

You can see feature area 1 is, again, on the Eastern side where it has someprotection from wind and afternoon sun– better supporting these activities.

A third feature area sits off the entertaining space, and they could be awater feature, garden bed or non-desert feature trees.This will be shaded in some way as well.

I opt to put apathclose to the house, and have some form ofshadingon the ‘outside'.Depending on my conditions and funds, I could opt formounds/berms, trees, rockeries, walls or screens.

The final piece is to putlow maintenance materialslikegravelor suitablegroundcoversin the areas out of sight.

Design Sketch 2 – More Natural Curve

Like above, this plan explores an overall garden layout.I wanted to try somethingcompletelydifferent to the straight lines of above.

I opted fortrellisesandclimbersto reduce the heat onto the house.The Western space can remain afeature garden bedlike a fernery.

I moved theentertaining spaceto the better protectedEastern side.Directly South of it I created the mainfeaturesarea.Normally it would be exposed to sun and wind, but here I'd opt to provide goodshading trees.

Iswitched the path and low maintenance garden.They sit next to the house, reducing direct heat further.The path nowcurves, just for something different – I'd refine it further later.

The big additions here are aseries of wallson the Southern side of the path.They have spaces between them to allow water to drain, and plants and breezes to flow through.

Two largerberms/moundsof earth fill the rest of the backyard – home torockerieswithgroundcoversand offering protection on the leeward side.

So this collection of plans and explorations should give you an idea of how you canposition area华体会ufcs in your garden design, and how you canplace and combine componentsto ensure everything can handle the heat.

The last thing to quickly touch on is the importance of correctly installing materials, particularly plants.

Proper Planting Techniques For A Hot Climate Garden

Even the perfect design will mean little if you don't give your materials, and particularly your plants, the right starting conditions.

Here are some great tips you can follow when planting to ensure they adapt and grow well in your climate:

• Start withsmallerplantsrather than larger – this allows them toadaptto the local conditions.It is also likely to be cheaper, but will take a little longer for the garden to fill out
• Break up soil/ rock when plantingand evenly spread suitable manure/ compost etc.
• Water your plantsinfrequentlybutheavilyto encourage the roots to dig deeper
• Opt fordrip irrigationrather than sprinklers to reduce water lost to evaporation
• If your garden bed has plants with different growing needs,group those with similar needs togetherso they're easier to care for and more likely to succeed
• Water in theearly morningto allow water to soak into the roots, reducing water loss from evaporation – it also gives them some water to survivethe heat of the day, and allows them dry off before night, preventing potential fungal infections
• Groundcovers, as mentioned, helpquickly cover the ground, reducingweedsand thesurface temperatureof the soil – helpful all round
• If you want toadd heightto a space without waiting years or buying a mature plant, incorporatepots,containersandraised garden beds
• When using these,group things close togetherwhere possible to reduce evaporation and moisture requirements

Even with these tips, I still recommendtalking to local expertsto help you properly install and care for your various plants.Not just your more specialty plants that require more care, but even your heat and drought tolerant choices.

And that's it for today's post.I hope you enjoyed the exploration of how to analyse your site, research suitable plants and materials, develop designs to incorporate them and finally some tips on how to plant them properly.

华体会ufcIf you have any comments or perhaps your own thoughts on how to create a garden design suitable for hot climates, let me know down below!